Potentzia-bihurgailu matrizialen diseinu-prozesurako eta hutsegite-tolerantziarako soluzio berriak

290 p.[ES]El convertidor matricial (MC) es un convertidor de potencia que destaca por sus características: realiza una conversión AC/AC directa en ausencia de grandes elementos reactivos, es eficiente, ligero y compacto. Sin embargo, el uso de dicho convertidor no está todavía muy extendido, principalmente por la complejidad de su arquitectura y sus algoritmos de control, y por su baja robustez. En esta tesis se presentarán, en primer lugar, los conceptos básicos del MC. Posteriormente, se estudiará la modulación y el control de dicho convertidor en profundidad. Una vez analizado el estado del arte del MC, se propondrán nuevas soluciones que mejoren el proceso de diseño del convertidor. Por una parte, se debe tener en cuenta que es muy complejo simular modelos que contienen MCs, y que el tiempo necesario para realizar dichas simulaciones resulta excesivo. En ese sentido, se propondrá y verificará una nueva técnica de simulación para superar los problemas antes mencionados. Además, se logrará simular un MC en tiempo real gracias a la técnica propuesta. Finalmente, se presentará una plataforma de prototipado rápido de control. Finalmente, se tendrá en cuenta la baja robustez del MC. En ese sentido, se estudiará el comportamiento de dicho convertidor ante faltas en sus interruptores, se presentará una técnica de detección de interruptores en circuito abierto y se propondrá una nueva estrategia de control tolerante a fallos que permita el funcionamiento continuado del sistema en situaciones de falta.[EU]Gaur egun, potentzia-bihurgailuak hainbat aplikaziotan aurki ditzakegu, hala nola haize-errotetan, makina industrialetan, ibilgailu elektriko eta hibridoetan, itsasontzi eta urpekoetan, etab. Potentzia-bihurgailuak energia-bihurketarako sistemetan erabiltzen dira, eta horien helburua energia elektrikoa era kontrolatuan bihurtzea da. Potentzia-bihurgailuen topologien artean, bere ezaugarriak direla medio, bihurgailu matriziala (MC, Matrix Converter) nabarmendu daiteke. AC/AC bihurketa zuzena egiten du MCak, eta ez du osagai erreaktibo nabarmenik. Horretaz gain, lau koadranteetan egin dezake lan bihurgailu horrek, eta distortsio harmoniko baxua duten korronte eta tentsio sinusoidalak lortzen dira bihurgailuaren sarreran eta irteeran. Gainera, MCaren sarreran potentzia-faktore unitarioa lor daiteke, bihurgailuari konektatuta dagoen karga edozein dela ere. Azkenik, oso bihurgailu eraginkorra da. Ezaugarri horiek direla-eta, hainbat aplikaziotan erabiltzeko aproposa izan daiteke MCa. Hala ere, bihurgailu horren erabilera ez dago oraindik oso hedatua, batez ere etengailu bidirekzional naturalik ez dagoelako, MCaren arkitektura eta kontrola konplexuak direlako, eta bihurgailuak mardultasun baxua duelako. Tesi honetan, MCaren oinarrizko kontzeptuak aurkeztuko dira, lehenik eta behin. Ondoren, MCa modulatzeko dagoen aukera zabala izango da kontuan, eta aukera horien erakusgarri diren hiru modulazio-teknika azalduko dira: Alesina eta Venturiniren teknika, modulazio-teknika bektoriala (SVM, Space Vector Modulation) eta modulazio-teknika eskalar orokortua (GSPWM, Generalized Scalar Pulse Width Modulation). Bestalde, bihurgailuaren sarreran perturbazioak egon daitezkeela izango da kontuan ere. Zentzu horretan, perturbazio horien eragin kaltegarriak konpentsatzeko baliagarriak diren teknika nabarmenenen artearen egoera azalduko da tesian. Perturbazio horiek konpentsatzen dituzten tekniken sinkronizazio-beharrizanak zeintzuk diren aztertuko da. MCaren artearen egoera aztertu ondoren, bihurgailu horren diseinu-prozesua hobetzeko baliagarriak diren soluzio berriak proposatuko dira. Alde batetik, kontuan izan behar da MCak dituzten modeloak simulatzea konplexua dela, eta simulazioak egiteko beharrezkoa den denbora gehiegizkoa izaten dela normalean. Horren ondorioz, diseinu-prozesuan egin daitekeen simulazio-kopurua oso mugatua dago. Alde horretatik, arazo hori gainditzeko baliagarria den SSMA (Switching State Matrix Averaging Method) simulazio-teknika berria proposatu eta balioztatuko da tesian. Horretaz gain, SSMA teknikari esker, denbora errealean simulatuko da MCa PC-talde batean. Horrela, egoera iragankor oso luzeak simulatu ahal izango dira arrazoizko denbora-tarte batean. Gainera, MCaren diseinu-prozesua azkartzeko eta kontrol-algoritmoak arazteko baliagarria den prototipatze azkarreko kontrolerako plataforma (RCP, Rapid Control Prototyping) aurkeztuko da ere. Azkenik, MCaren mardultasun baxuaren arazoari aurre egingo zaio. Bihurgailu horren babeserako erabiltzen diren estrategiak ez dira bihurgailua % 100ean babesteko gai. Beraz, egoera batzuetan posible da bihurgailuaren osagaietako batek huts egitea. Hori gertatuz gero, beharrezkoa da estrategia hutsegitetoleratzaileak erabiltzea, sistemaren funtzionamendu jarraitua bermatu beharra badago. Horren harian, MCarentzako estrategia hutsegite-toleratzaileen artearen egoera aurkeztuko da, eta etengailuen zirkuitu irekiko hutsegiteak gertatzen direnean bihurgailuak duen portaera aztertuko da. Ondoren, hutsegite horiek identifikatzeko baliagarria den estrategia bat aurkeztuko da, eta zirkuitu irekiko hutsegite-egoeran MCaren hutsegite-tolerantzia hobetzeko baliagarriak diren modulazio-algoritmo hutsegite-toleratzaile berriak proposatu eta balioztatuko dira, bai simulazioaren bidez, eta baita esperimentalki ere

New Modulation Technique to Mitigate Common Mode Voltage Effects in Star-Connected Five-Phase AC Drives

Star-connected multiphase AC drives are being considered for electromovility applications such as electromechanical actuators (EMA), where high power density and fault tolerance is demanded. As for three-phase systems, common-mode voltage (CMV) is an issue for multiphase drives. CMV leads to shaft voltages between rotor and stator windings, generating bearing currents which accelerate bearing degradation and produce high electromagnetic interferences (EMI). CMV effects can be mitigated by using appropriate modulation techniques. Thus, this work proposes a new Hybrid PWM algorithm that effectively reduces CMV in five-phase AC electric drives, improving their reliability. All the mathematical background required to understand the proposal, i.e., vector transformations, vector sequences and calculation of analytical expressions for duty cycle determination are detailed. Additionally, practical details that simplify the implementation of the proposal in an FPGA are also included. This technique, HAZSL5M5-PWM, extends the linear range of the AZSL5M5-PWM modulation, providing a full linear range. Simulation results obtained in an accurate multiphase EMA model are provided, showing the validity of the proposed modulation approach.This work has been supported in part by the Government of the Basque Country within the fund for research groups of the Basque University system IT978-16 and in part by the Government of the Basque Country within the research program ELKARTEK as the project ENSOL (KK-2018/00040)

Control óptimo de par para máquinas SynRM aplicadas a vehículo eléctrico

Las máquinas de reluctancia síncrona asistidas por imanes están atrayendo un considerable interés como alternativa a las máquinas síncronas de imanes permanentes para su uso en sistemas de propulsión de vehículos eléctricos. El control óptimo de estas máquinas (incluyendo operación en debilitamiento de campo) puede resultar complejo, ya que estas son, por lo general, muy sensibles al fenómeno de la saturación magnética. En este artículo se trata su control, desde los reguladores hasta el precalculo de referencias de corriente óptimas para todo el rango de operación de la máquina. Finalmente, se muestran resultados experimentales obtenidos en una máquina de 51 kW.Postprint (published version

A Novel PMSM Hybrid Sensorless Control Strategy for EV Applications Based on PLL and HFI

In this paper, a novel hybrid sensorless control strategy for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) drives applied to Electric Vehicles (EV) is presented. This sensorless strategy covers the EV full speed range and also has speed reversal capability. It combines a High Frequency Injection (HFI) technique for low and zero speeds, and a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for the medium and high speed regions. A solution to achieve smooth transitions between the PLL and the HFI strategies is also proposed, allowing to correctly detect the rotor position polarity when HFI takes part. Wide speed and torque four-quadrant simulation results are provided, which validate the proposed sensorless strategy for being further implemented in EV.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

LATEX: euskarazko dokumentu zientifiko-teknikoen ediziorako baliabideak

Nowadays , LATEX, an editor for high typographical quality texts, can be cons idered as a Jingua franca for the scie ntific community. Although LATEX supports a multi - lin g ua l envi ronment, it is s uited to work with English and Eng lish-like lang uages. The process of writing documents in LATEX for languages with structures or numeration rules different from English, as is the case of Basque, is not straightforward.The problems in the use of Basque language in LATEX are analized in this paper, and the resources available for writting documents in Basque are reviewed. General guide lines and suggestions for programming LATEX documents in Basque are also presented.; Gaur egun, komunitate zientifikoaren "lingua francatzat" har daiteke kalitate tipografiko handiko testuen ediziorako den LATEX s istema. Nahiz eta ha in bat hizkuntzatan lan egiteko aukera eman, ingelesarekin eta ingelesaren an tzeko hizkuntzekin lan egiteko dago LATEX prestatuta. Inge lesaren egitura eta nume razioarauak betetzen ez dituzten hi zk un tzetan idaztea (e uskara kasu) ez da prozesu samurra LATEXen.Artikulu honetan, euskarak LATEX munduan duen problematika aztertzen da, eta eragozpenak gaind itzeko dauden bailabideak aztertzen dira. Horrez gain , euskarazko dokumentuak idazteko beharrezkoak diren programaziorako gidalerro eta gomendio orokorrak azaltzen dira

IPMSM torque control strategies based on LUTs and VCT feedback for robust control under machine parameter variations

In recent years, Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (IPMSMs) have attracted a considerable attention in the scientific community and industry for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) propulsion systems. Lookup Table (LUT) based Field Oriented Control (FOC) strategies are widely used for IPMSM torque control. However, LUTs strongly depend on machine parameters. Deviations of these parameters due to machine ageing, temperature or manufacturing inaccuracies can lead to control instabilities in the field weakening region. In this paper, two novel hybrid IPMSM control strategies combining the usage of LUTs and Voltage Constraint Tracking (VCT) feedbacks are proposed in order to overcome the aforementioned controllability issues. Simulation results that demonstrate the validity of the proposed approaches are presented.Postprint (author's final draft

Ibilgailu elektrikoen propultsio-sistemak: motor elektrikoak eta horien kontrola

This article provides a state of the art of the electric machine technology used in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle applications. Most common FOC (Field Oriented Control) and the DTC (Direct Torque Control) strategies are explained and compared. Position and speed sensorless control strategies are also detailed: observer-based estimators, suitable for medium/high speed ranges and magnetic saliency based methods, applicable for low speeds and standstill operation. Finally, challenges and future trends of this technology are provided.Postprint (published version

Reducing the cogging torque effects in hybrid stepper machines by means of resonant controllers

Permanent magnet machines are not free from the interaction between magnets and the stator and rotor slots, which causes an undesired disturbing torque. Such cogging or detent torque is especially larger with salient pole machines, as it is the case of the Permanent Magnet Hybrid Stepper Machines (PMHSM). Depending on the application requirements, these torque perturbations can be unacceptable and the application of solutions that minimizes the cogging torque effects are mandatory. This paper originally faces the minimization of the cogging torque using resonant controllers. More specifically, the paper details the analysis and design of a speed-adaptive resonant controller, which not only is directly designed in Z domain but also considers the current (or torque) inner loop delay. Pole-zero placement and the disturbance rejection frequency response have been attained in the design of the speed and position speedadaptive controllers. Experimental results with two off-theshelf PMHSMs demonstrate the superior performance of the proposal in both speed and position closed-loop applications for tracking, as well as in disturbance (load impact) rejection tests and against inertia variations. A comparison with a conventional PI has been carried out from the design stage to experimental results and the improvement of the proposal has been numerically quantified.Postprint (published version

LATEX: euskarazko dokumentu zientifiko-teknikoen ediziorako baliabideak

Nowadays , LATEX, an editor for high typographical quality texts, can be cons idered as a Jingua franca for the scie ntific community. Although LATEX supports a multi - lin g ua l envi ronment, it is s uited to work with English and Eng lish-like lang uages. The process of writing documents in LATEX for languages with structures or numeration rules different from English, as is the case of Basque, is not straightforward.The problems in the use of Basque language in LATEX are analized in this paper, and the resources available for writting documents in Basque are reviewed. General guide lines and suggestions for programming LATEX documents in Basque are also presented.; Gaur egun, komunitate zientifikoaren "lingua francatzat" har daiteke kalitate tipografiko handiko testuen ediziorako den LATEX s istema. Nahiz eta ha in bat hizkuntzatan lan egiteko aukera eman, ingelesarekin eta ingelesaren an tzeko hizkuntzekin lan egiteko dago LATEX prestatuta. Inge lesaren egitura eta nume razioarauak betetzen ez dituzten hi zk un tzetan idaztea (e uskara kasu) ez da prozesu samurra LATEXen.Artikulu honetan, euskarak LATEX munduan duen problematika aztertzen da, eta eragozpenak gaind itzeko dauden bailabideak aztertzen dira. Horrez gain , euskarazko dokumentuak idazteko beharrezkoak diren programaziorako gidalerro eta gomendio orokorrak azaltzen dira

Normalised flux weakening control technique acting on the actual speed for automotive dual three-phase IPMSMs

Comunicación presentada en 6th IEEE International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC) Dates: 3/28/2023 - 3/31/2023 Venue: Arsenale di Venezia, Venice, ItalyIn this paper, a flux weakening control strategy based on a vector space decomposition (VSD) model is presented for asymmetrical dual threephase interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs). This strategy incorporates a voltage magnitude feedback loop, which provides robustness by adding a variation to the actual speed when enters in flux weakening mode or deviations occur in the electrical parameters of the machine. Validity of the proposal is demonstrated by simulation results carried out over standardised driving cycles, taking into account parameter mismatches.This work was supported in part by the Government of the Basque Country within the fund for research groups of the Basque University system IT1440-22 and by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 within the project PID2020-115126RB-I00